Plagiarism and Similarity Check

1. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the use of another person's work, ideas, or expressions without appropriate attribution, in a manner that presents them as the author's own. Plagiarism in any form is unacceptable in works submitted to or published by Panorama Scholarly Books.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• -Direct reproduction of text from another source without quotation marks and citation.
• -Paraphrasing the ideas or arguments of another author without attribution.
• -Reproducing data, figures, tables, or images from another source without permission and acknowledgement.
• -Translating text from another language and presenting it as original writing without attribution.

2. Self-Plagiarism and Duplicate Publication

Self-plagiarism refers to the reuse of an author's own previously published text or data without appropriate disclosure. While an author's own prior work is not subject to the same ethical concern as the misrepresentation of others' work, undisclosed reuse is considered a breach of publication standards.

Authors must disclose any substantial overlap between a submitted manuscript and their own previously published work. Where chapters or sections have been previously published, this must be clearly acknowledged in the manuscript.

Duplicate publication - submitting the same work simultaneously to more than one publisher, or publishing substantially the same content as a new work without disclosure - is not permitted.

3. Similarity Checking

Panorama Scholarly Books may conduct similarity checks on submitted manuscripts using available text-matching tools as part of the editorial process. The presence of a similarity score above a given threshold does not by itself constitute a finding of plagiarism; the publisher will review the nature and context of any matched content before reaching a conclusion.

Authors are encouraged to conduct their own checks prior to submission to identify and properly attribute any passages that may have been drawn from prior sources.

4. AI-Generated Text and Similarity

Authors are reminded that text generated using AI tools may replicate content from sources not visible to the author. Authors who have used AI tools in drafting their manuscript should review the output carefully for unattributed similarity to existing sources.

The publisher's AI Use Policy applies to all manuscripts submitted to Panorama Scholarly Books. Undisclosed use of AI to generate substantial portions of a manuscript is considered contrary to publication ethics.